Raspberry Pi

Install Home Assistant Operating System

Follow this guide if you want to get started with Home Assistant easily or if you have little to no Linux experience

Suggested Hardware

We will need a few things to get started with installing Home Assistant. Links below lead to Amazon US. If you’re not in the US, you should be able to find these items in web stores in your country.

• Raspberry Pi 4 (Raspberry Pi 3 is ok too, if you have one laying around)
• Power Supply for Raspberry Pi 4 or Power Supply for Raspberry Pi 3
• Micro SD Card. Ideally get one that is Application Class 2 as they handle small I/O much more consistently than cards not optimized to host applications. A 32 GB or bigger card is recommended.
• SD Card reader. This is already part of most laptops, but you can purchase a standalone USB adapter if you don’t have one. The brand doesn’t matter, just pick the cheapest.
• Ethernet cable. Home Assistant can work with Wi-Fi, but an Ethernet connection is more reliable and highly recommended.

Write the image to your boot media

1. Attach the Home Assistant boot media (SD card) to your computer

2. Download and start Balena Etcher

3. Select “Flash from URL”

4. Get the URL for your Raspberry Pi:

https://github.com/home-assistant/operating-system/releases/download/6.5/haos_rpi4-64-6.5.img.xz

https://github.com/home-assistant/operating-system/releases/download/6.5/haos_rpi4-6.5.img.xz

https://github.com/home-assistant/operating-system/releases/download/6.5/haos_rpi3-64-6.5.img.xz

https://github.com/home-assistant/operating-system/releases/download/6.5/haos_rpi3-6.5.img.xz

Select and copy the URL or use the “copy” button that appear when you hover it.

1. Paste the URL for your Raspberry Pi into Balena Etcher and click “OK”
2. Balena Etcher will now download the image, when that is done click “Select target”
3. Select the SD card you want to use for your Raspberry Pi
4. Click on “Flash!” to start writing the image
5. When Balena Etcher is finished writing the image you will get this confirmation

Start up your Raspberry Pi

1. Insert the boot media (SD card) you just created

2. Attach a ethernet cable for network.

3. Attach a cable for power

4. Within a few minutes you will be able to reach Home Assistant on homeassistant.local:8123. If you are running an older Windows version or have a stricter network configuration, you might need to access Home Assistant at homeassistant:8123 or http://X.X.X.X:8123 (replace X.X.X.X with your Raspberry Pi’s IP address).

With the Home Assistant Operating System installed and accessible you can continue with onboarding.

Install Home Assistant Container

These below instructions are for an installation of Home Assistant Container running in your own container environment, which you manage yourself. Any OCI compatible runtime can be used, however this guide will focus on installing it with Docker.

Platform Installation

Installation with Docker is straightforward. Adjust the following command so that /PATH_TO_YOUR_CONFIG points at the folder where you want to store your configuration and run it.

Raspberry pi 3

docker run -d \
  --name homeassistant \
  --privileged \
  --restart=unless-stopped \
  -e TZ=MY_TIME_ZONE \
  -v /PATH_TO_YOUR_CONFIG:/config \
  --network=host \
  ghcr.io/home-assistant/raspberrypi3-homeassistant:stable

# if this returns "Image is up to date" then you can stop here
docker pull ghcr.io/home-assistant/raspberrypi3-homeassistant:stable

# stop the running container
docker stop homeassistant

# remove it from Docker's list of containers
docker rm homeassistant

# finally, start a new one
docker run -d \
  --name homeassistant \
  --restart=unless-stopped \
  --privileged \
  -e TZ=MY_TIME_ZONE \
  -v /PATH_TO_YOUR_CONFIG:/config \
  --network=host \
  ghcr.io/home-assistant/raspberrypi3-homeassistant:stable

Raspberry pi 4

docker run -d \
  --name homeassistant \
  --privileged \
  --restart=unless-stopped \
  -e TZ=MY_TIME_ZONE \
  -v /PATH_TO_YOUR_CONFIG:/config \
  --network=host \
  ghcr.io/home-assistant/raspberrypi4-homeassistant:stable

# if this returns "Image is up to date" then you can stop here
docker pull ghcr.io/home-assistant/raspberrypi4-homeassistant:stable

# stop the running container
docker stop homeassistant

# remove it from Docker's list of containers
docker rm homeassistant

# finally, start a new one
docker run -d \
  --name homeassistant \
  --restart=unless-stopped \
  --privileged \
  -e TZ=MY_TIME_ZONE \
  -v /PATH_TO_YOUR_CONFIG:/config \
  --network=host \
  ghcr.io/home-assistant/raspberrypi4-homeassistant:stable

Once the Home Assistant Container is running Home Assistant should be accessible using http://<host>:8123 (replace with the hostname or IP of the system). You can continue with onboarding.

Restart Home Assistant

If you change the configuration you have to restart the server. To do that you have 3 options.

1. In your Home Assistant UI go to the Configuration panel -> Server management and click the “Restart” button.
2. You can go to the Developer Tools -> Services, select the service homeassistant.restart and click “Call Service”.
3. Restart it from a terminal.

docker restart homeassistant

docker-compose restart

Docker Compose

As the Docker command becomes more complex, switching to docker-compose can be preferable and support automatically restarting on failure or system restart. Create a docker-compose.yml file:

Raspberry pi 3

version: '3'
services:
  homeassistant:
    container_name: homeassistant
    image: "ghcr.io/home-assistant/raspberrypi3-homeassistant:stable"
    volumes:
      - /PATH_TO_YOUR_CONFIG:/config
      - /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro
    restart: unless-stopped
    privileged: true
    network_mode: host

Raspberry pi 4

version: '3'
services:
  homeassistant:
    container_name: homeassistant
    image: "ghcr.io/home-assistant/raspberrypi4-homeassistant:stable"
    volumes:
      - /PATH_TO_YOUR_CONFIG:/config
      - /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro
    restart: unless-stopped
    privileged: true
    network_mode: host

Start it by running:

docker-compose up -d

Exposing Devices

In order to use Z-Wave, Zigbee or other integrations that require access to devices, you need to map the appropriate device into the container. Ensure the user that is running the container has the correct privileges to access the /dev/tty* file, then add the device mapping to your container instructions:

docker run ... --device /dev/ttyUSB0:/dev/ttyUSB0 ...

version: '3'
services:
  homeassistant:
    ...
    devices:
      - /dev/ttyUSB0:/dev/ttyUSB0

Optimizations

The Home Assistant Container is using an alternative memory allocation library jemalloc for better memory management and Python runtime speedup.

As jemalloc can cause issues on certain hardware, it can be disabled by passing the environment variable DISABLE_JEMALLOC with any value, for example:

docker run ... -e "DISABLE_JEMALLOC=true" ...

version: '3'
services:
  homeassistant:
  ...
  environment:
    DISABLE_JEMALLOC: true

The error message <jemalloc>: Unsupported system page size is one known indicator.

Install Home Assistant Core

Install dependencies

Before you start make sure your system is fully updated, all packages in this guide are installed with apt, if your OS does not have that, look for alternatives.

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade -y

Install the dependencies:

sudo apt-get install -y python3 python3-dev python3-venv python3-pip libffi-dev libssl-dev libjpeg-dev zlib1g-dev autoconf build-essential libopenjp2-7 libtiff5 libturbojpeg tzdata

Create an account

Add an account for Home Assistant Core called homeassistant. Since this account is only for running Home Assistant Core the extra arguments of -rm is added to create a system account and create a home directory. The arguments -G dialout,gpio,i2c adds the user to the dialout, gpio and the i2c group. The first is required for using Z-Wave and Zigbee controllers, while the second is required to communicate with GPIO.

sudo useradd -rm homeassistant -G dialout,gpio,i2c

Create the virtual environment

First we will create a directory for the installation of Home Assistant Core and change the owner to the homeassistant account.

sudo mkdir /srv/homeassistant
sudo chown homeassistant:homeassistant /srv/homeassistant

Next up is to create and change to a virtual environment for Home Assistant Core. This will be done as the homeassistant account.

sudo -u homeassistant -H -s
cd /srv/homeassistant
python3.8 -m venv .
source bin/activate

Once you have activated the virtual environment (notice the prompt change to (homeassistant) [email protected]:/srv/homeassistant $) you will need to run the following command to install a required Python package.

python3 -m pip install wheel

Once you have installed the required Python package it is now time to install Home Assistant Core!

pip3 install homeassistant

Start Home Assistant Core for the first time. This will complete the installation for you, automatically creating the .homeassistant configuration directory in the /home/homeassistant directory, and installing any basic dependencies.

hass

You can now reach your installation via the web interface on http://homeassistant.local:8123.

If this address doesn’t work you may also try http://localhost:8123 or http://X.X.X.X:8123 (replace X.X.X.X with your machines’ IP address).

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