Raspberry Pi

Please remember to ensure you’re using an appropriate power supply with your Raspberry Pi. Mobile chargers may not be suitable, since some are designed to only provide the full power with that manufacturer’s handsets. USB ports on your computer also will not supply enough power and must not be used.

Install Home Assistant Operating System

Follow this guide if you want to get started with Home Assistant easily or if you have little to no Linux experience.

Suggested Hardware

We will need a few things to get started with installing Home Assistant. Links below lead to Amazon US. If you’re not in the US, you should be able to find these items in web stores in your country.

Raspberry Pi 4 (Raspberry Pi 3 is ok too, if you have one laying around). Raspberry Pi are currently hard to come by, use RPilocator or Fast Alerts (US) to find webshops with stock.
Power Supply for Raspberry Pi 4 or Power Supply for Raspberry Pi 3
Micro SD Card. Ideally get one that is Application Class 2 as they handle small I/O much more consistently than cards not optimized to host applications. A 32 GB or bigger card is recommended.
SD Card reader. This is already part of most laptops, but you can purchase a standalone USB adapter if you don’t have one. The brand doesn’t matter, just pick the cheapest.
Ethernet cable. Required for installation. After installation, Home Assistant can work with Wi-Fi, but an Ethernet connection is more reliable and highly recommended.

Write the image to your boot media

Attach the Home Assistant boot media (SD card) to your computer
Download and start Balena Etcher. (You may need to run it with administrator privileges on Windows).
Select “Flash from URL”
Get the URL for your Raspberry Pi:

Raspberry Pi 4 64-bit

Raspberry Pi 4 32-bit

Raspberry Pi 3 64-bit

Raspberry Pi 3 32-bit

https://github.com/home-assistant/operating-system/releases/download/8.1/haos_rpi4-64-8.1.img.xz

https://github.com/home-assistant/operating-system/releases/download/8.1/haos_rpi4-8.1.img.xz

(64-bit is recommended)

https://github.com/home-assistant/operating-system/releases/download/8.1/haos_rpi3-64-8.1.img.xz

https://github.com/home-assistant/operating-system/releases/download/8.1/haos_rpi3-8.1.img.xz

(64-bit is recommended)

Select and copy the URL or use the “copy” button that appear when you hover it.

Paste the URL for your Raspberry Pi into Balena Etcher and click “OK”
Balena Etcher will now download the image, when that is done click “Select target”
Select the SD card you want to use for your Raspberry Pi
Click on “Flash!” to start writing the image
When Balena Etcher is finished writing the image you will get this confirmation

Start up your Raspberry Pi

Insert the boot media (SD card) you just created.
Attach an Ethernet cable for network.
Attach the power cable.
In the browser of your Desktop system, within a few minutes you will be able to reach your new Home Assistant on homeassistant.local:8123.

If you are running an older Windows version or have a stricter network configuration, you might need to access Home Assistant at homeassistant:8123 or http://X.X.X.X:8123 (replace X.X.X.X with your Raspberry Pi’s IP address).

With the Home Assistant Operating System installed and accessible you can continue with onboarding.

Onboarding

Install Home Assistant Container

These below instructions are for an installation of Home Assistant Container running in your own container environment, which you manage yourself. Any OCI compatible runtime can be used, however this guide will focus on installing it with Docker.

Prerequisites

This guide assumes that you already have an operating system setup and a container runtime installed (like Docker).

If you are using Docker then you need to be on at least version 19.03.9, ideally an even higher version, and libseccomp 2.42 or newer.

Platform Installation

Installation with Docker is straightforward. Adjust the following command so that:

/PATH_TO_YOUR_CONFIG points at the folder where you want to store your configuration and run it.
MY_TIME_ZONE is a tz database name, like TZ=America/Los_Angeles.
Install
Update
docker run -d \ --name homeassistant \ --privileged \ --restart=unless-stopped \ -e TZ=MY_TIME_ZONE \ -v /PATH_TO_YOUR_CONFIG:/config \ --network=host \ ghcr.io/home-assistant/home-assistant:stable
# if this returns "Image is up to date" then you can stop here docker pull ghcr.io/home-assistant/home-assistant:stable
# stop the running container docker stop homeassistant
# remove it from Docker's list of containers docker rm homeassistant
# finally, start a new one docker run -d \ --name homeassistant \ --restart=unless-stopped \ --privileged \ -e TZ=MY_TIME_ZONE \ -v /PATH_TO_YOUR_CONFIG:/config \ --network=host \ ghcr.io/home-assistant/home-assistant:stable
Once the Home Assistant Container is running Home Assistant should be accessible using http://<host>:8123 (replace with the hostname or IP of the system). You can continue with onboarding.

Onboarding

Restart Home Assistant

If you change the configuration you have to restart the server. To do that you have 3 options.
1. In your Home Assistant UI go to the Settings -> System and click the “Restart” button.
2. You can go to the Developer Tools -> Services, select the service homeassistant.restart and click “Call Service”.
3. Restart it from a terminal.
Docker CLI
Docker Compose
docker restart homeassistant
docker-compose restart
Docker Compose

In order to use docker-compose you first need to install docker-compose on your system.

As the Docker command becomes more complex, switching to docker-compose can be preferable and support automatically restarting on failure or system restart. Create a docker-compose.yml file:
```
  version: '3'
  services:
    homeassistant:
      container_name: homeassistant
      image: "ghcr.io/home-assistant/home-assistant:stable"
      volumes:
        - /PATH_TO_YOUR_CONFIG:/config
        - /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro
      restart: unless-stopped
      privileged: true
      network_mode: host
```
Start it by running:
```
docker-compose up -d
```
Once the Home Assistant Container is running Home Assistant should be accessible using http://<host>:8123 (replace with the hostname or IP of the system). You can continue with onboarding.

Onboarding

Exposing Devices

In order to use Z-Wave, Zigbee or other integrations that require access to devices, you need to map the appropriate device into the container. Ensure the user that is running the container has the correct privileges to access the /dev/tty* file, then add the device mapping to your container instructions:
Docker CLI
Docker Compose
docker run ... --device /dev/ttyUSB0:/dev/ttyUSB0 ...
version: '3' services: homeassistant: ... devices: - /dev/ttyUSB0:/dev/ttyUSB0
Optimizations

The Home Assistant Container is using an alternative memory allocation library jemalloc for better memory management and Python runtime speedup.

As jemalloc can cause issues on certain hardware, it can be disabled by passing the environment variable DISABLE_JEMALLOC with any value, for example:
Docker CLI
Docker Compose
docker run ... -e "DISABLE_JEMALLOC=true" ...
version: '3' services: homeassistant: ... environment: - DISABLE_JEMALLOC: true
The error message <jemalloc>: Unsupported system page size is one known indicator.

Install Home Assistant Core

This is an advanced installation process, and some steps might differ on your system. Considering the nature of this installation type, we assume you can handle subtle differences between this document and the system configuration you are using. When in doubt, please consider one of the other installation methods, as they might be a better fit instead.

Prerequisites
This guide assumes that you already have an operating system setup and have installed Python 3.9 (including the package python3-dev) or newer.

Install dependencies

Before you start, make sure your system is fully updated, all packages in this guide are installed with apt, if your OS does not have that, look for alternatives.
```
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade -y
```
Install the dependencies:
```
sudo apt-get install -y python3 python3-dev python3-venv python3-pip libffi-dev libssl-dev libjpeg-dev zlib1g-dev autoconf build-essential libopenjp2-7 libtiff5 libturbojpeg0-dev tzdata
```
The above-listed dependencies might differ or missing, depending on your system or personal use of Home Assistant.

Create an account

Add an account for Home Assistant Core called homeassistant. Since this account is only for running Home Assistant Core the extra arguments of -rm is added to create a system account and create a home directory. The arguments -G dialout,gpio,i2c adds the user to the dialout, gpio and the i2c group. The first is required for using Z-Wave and Zigbee controllers, while the second is required to communicate with GPIO.
```
sudo useradd -rm homeassistant -G dialout,gpio,i2c
```
Create the virtual environment

First we will create a directory for the installation of Home Assistant Core and change the owner to the homeassistant account.
```
sudo mkdir /srv/homeassistant
sudo chown homeassistant:homeassistant /srv/homeassistant
```
Next up is to create and change to a virtual environment for Home Assistant Core. This will be done as the homeassistant account.
```
sudo -u homeassistant -H -s
cd /srv/homeassistant
python3 -m venv .
source bin/activate
```
Once you have activated the virtual environment (notice the prompt change to (homeassistant) [email protected]:/srv/homeassistant $) you will need to run the following command to install a required Python package.
```
python3 -m pip install wheel
```
Once you have installed the required Python package, it is now time to install Home Assistant Core!
```
pip3 install homeassistant
```
Start Home Assistant Core for the first time. This will complete the installation for you, automatically creating the .homeassistant configuration directory in the /home/homeassistant directory, and installing any basic dependencies.
```
hass
```
You can now reach your installation via the web interface on http://homeassistant.local:8123.

If this address doesn’t work you may also try http://localhost:8123 or http://X.X.X.X:8123 (replace X.X.X.X with your machines’ IP address).

When you run the hass command for the first time, it will download, install and cache the necessary libraries/dependencies. This procedure may take anywhere between 5 to 10 minutes. During that time, you may get “site cannot be reached” error when accessing the web interface. This will only happen for the first time, and subsequent restarts will be much faster.

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Install Home Assistant Operating System

Suggested Hardware

Write the image to your boot media

Start up your Raspberry Pi

Install Home Assistant Container

Platform Installation

Restart Home Assistant

Docker Compose

Exposing Devices

Optimizations

Install Home Assistant Core

Install dependencies

Create an account

Create the virtual environment

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