PM2.5 level changed

The PM2.5 level changed trigger fires after the PM2.5 (particulate matter 2.5 micrometers or smaller) reading on one or more air quality sensors changes. PM2.5 is the most widely tracked particle size for indoor and outdoor air quality. Sources include cooking, candles, wildfires, traffic exhaust, and dust. These fine particles are small enough to reach deep into the lungs, making them especially relevant during wildfire season, allergy season, or anytime you want to keep tabs on what your family is breathing.

Imagine your windows closing automatically the moment outdoor particle levels jump during a nearby wildfire, keeping smoke outside where it belongs. Use this trigger to turn on an air purifier, close windows, or send an alert when your PM2.5 sensor reports a change. Use the threshold type to filter which changes matter to your automation.

Using this trigger from the user interface

If you prefer building automations visually, Home Assistant walks you through this trigger step by step. You pick what to watch, tweak a few options, and save. No YAML knowledge required.

To use PM2.5 level changed in an automation:

1. Go to Settings > Automations & scenes.
2. Open an existing automation, or select Create automation > Create new automation.
3. In the When section, select Add trigger.
4. Select what you want to monitor. Under By target (see Targets), pick the area your PM2.5 sensor is in (like your living room or bedroom). You can also select a device, a specific entity, or a label. When you target multiple entities (via area, label, or multiple entity selections), the trigger fires whenever any of them changes.
5. From the triggers shown for that target, select PM2.5 level changed.
6. Under Threshold type, configure what kind of change fires the trigger:
   • Select Any change to fire on any change, regardless of direction or new value.
   • Select Above or Below and enter a value to fire only when the new reading is above or below that value.
   • Select In range and enter a lower and upper bound to fire only when the new reading falls inside the range.
   • Select Outside range and enter a lower and upper bound to fire only when the new reading is outside the range.
   • For each option, you can enter a fixed level in μg/m³, pick a sensor entity or a number helper entity as the threshold.
     • If you don’t have a number helper, you can create one by selecting Create a new number helper.
7. Select Save.

Options in the UI

Using this trigger in YAML

If you work directly in YAML, or you want to know exactly what Home Assistant does under the hood, this section has the technical reference. It lists the field names you use in YAML, their types, and which ones are required.

In YAML, put the settings that are specific to this trigger under options. Keep target, if the trigger uses one, and general settings such as id, alias, enabled, and variables at the top level, next to trigger.

When this trigger starts an automation, it passes data about what happened to the automation. You can use this trigger data in the templates of your conditions and actions. To see which data is available, refer to Trigger data in templates.

In YAML, refer to this trigger as air_quality.pm25_changed. A basic example looks like this:

trigger: air_quality.pm25_changed
target:
  entity_id: sensor.living_room_pm25
options:
  threshold:
    type: above
    value:
      number: 10

This fires whenever the living room PM2.5 sensor reading changes to a value above 10 μg/m³. To fire on any change, use type: any and leave out value.

Options in YAML

Targets of the trigger

This trigger requires a target. The target is the object that Home Assistant will watch. You can select a single entityAn entity represents a sensor, actor, or function in Home Assistant. Entities are used to monitor physical properties or to control other entities. An entity is usually part of a device or a service. [Learn more], a device, an area, a floor, or a label as a target, and Home Assistant will watch every matching PM2.5 sensor behind that target.

• Entity: one specific PM2.5 sensor, such as sensor.living_room_pm25.
• Device: every PM2.5 sensor that belongs to a device.
• Area: every PM2.5 sensor in a room or area.
• Floor: every PM2.5 sensor on a floor.
• Label: every PM2.5 sensor that shares a label.

You can also select different target types in one trigger. For example, you can add a specific entity and an area as targets in the same trigger to monitor both of them at once.

To learn which entities Home Assistant includes for a device, area, floor, or label, and how it handles several entities, refer to Automation targets.

Trigger variables

When the trigger reacts, the trigger variable identifies the entity that made it react. This is useful when a target contains multiple entities, such as a device, area, floor, or label.

The following trigger-specific variables are available:

• trigger.entity_id: Entity ID of the entity that made the trigger react.
• trigger.from_state: Previous state object of that entity.
• trigger.to_state: New state object of that entity.
• trigger.for: Timedelta object of how long the trigger criteria were met, if applicable.

For example, use {{ trigger.to_state.name }} in an action to include the name of the entity that made the trigger react in a notification.

The trigger variable describes the entity that made the trigger react. It doesn’t contain all the entities of the target.

Good to know

• PM2.5 is the particle size most commonly referenced in air quality indexes worldwide. A threshold of 5 to 15 μg/m³ suits most home automations.
• The threshold type controls which changes fire the trigger. Use Above or Below to fire only when the new level is above or below a value, In range to fire only when it’s inside a range, and Outside range to fire only when it’s outside a range. Use Any change to fire on every change.
• To react only when PM2.5 crosses a specific concentration in one direction, use PM2.5 level crossed threshold instead.
• The threshold is in μg/m³. A sensor that reports PM2.5 in another unit never matches. If you use an entity as the threshold, it must also report μg/m³.

Try it yourself

Ready to test this? Go to Settings > Automations & scenes, create a new automation, and add this trigger. Save the automation, and then make the trigger react. For example, change the state of the targeted entityAn entity represents a sensor, actor, or function in Home Assistant. Entities are used to monitor physical properties or to control other entities. An entity is usually part of a device or a service. [Learn more], turn on a light that the trigger monitors, or change its brightness. To check whether the automation ran, open its traces.

More examples

Real scenarios where this trigger fires in automations and scripts. Copy any example and adapt it to your setup. In the visual editor, select the UI options listed in the example when they are available, or paste the YAML code.

Automation: close windows during wildfire season

When wildfire smoke rolls in, the last thing you want is to leave the windows open. This automation closes your motorized windows as soon as PM2.5 levels change to a value above 15 μg/m³, keeping smoke and fine particles outside where they belong.

• Trigger: PM2.5 level changed
• Target: Outdoor PM2.5 sensor
• Threshold type: Above 15 μg/m³
• Action: Close cover

alias: "Close windows on PM2.5 change"
triggers:
  - trigger: air_quality.pm25_changed
    target:
      entity_id: sensor.outdoor_pm25
    options:
      threshold:
        type: above
        value:
          number: 15
actions:
  - action: cover.close_cover
    target:
      entity_id: cover.living_room_windows

Still stuck?

The Home Assistant community is quick to help: join Discord for real-time chat, post on the community forum with the trigger you’re using and what you expected to happen, or share on our subreddit /r/homeassistant.

Related triggers

Explore related triggers:

• PM2.5 level crossed threshold: Triggers when one or more PM2.5 levels cross a threshold.